EMF Calculator
Calculate electromotive force (EMF) for batteries and power sources
Method 1: From Work and Charge
Method 2: From Circuit Parameters
Method 3: From Terminal Voltage
EMF Formulas
EMF = W / Q (work per unit charge)
EMF = I * (R + r) (current times total resistance)
EMF = V + I * r (terminal voltage plus internal drop)
Terminal Voltage: V = EMF - I * r
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Editorial Note
MyCalcBuddy Editorial Team
This page is maintained as an educational calculator reference.
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Formula Source: University Physics
by Young & Freedman
🔄Last reviewed: May 2026
✓Formula checks are based on standard references and internal QA review.