Bond Polarity Calculator
Calculate bond polarity, ionic character, and partial charges from electronegativity differences.
Bond Parameters
Common Bond Examples
Bond Polarity
Polar
ΔEN = 0.890
Ionic Character
18.0%
Covalent Character
82.0%
Partial Charge (δ)
±0.223 e
Dipole Moment
1.53 D
Charge Distribution
δ− on Atom 2 (more electronegative)
δ+ on Atom 1 (less electronegative)
Pauling's Ionic Character Formula
% Ionic = 100 × (1 - e^(-0.25ΔEN²))
About Bond Polarity
Bond polarity arises from the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms with different electronegativities. The more electronegative atom pulls electron density toward itself, creating partial charges (δ+ and δ−). This charge separation creates a bond dipole moment. The percent ionic character can be calculated using Pauling's empirical formula based on the electronegativity difference.
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Editorial Note
MyCalcBuddy Editorial Team
This page is maintained as an educational calculator reference.
Formula Source: Chemistry: The Central Science
by Brown, LeMay, Bursten