Colligative Properties Calculator
Calculate all colligative properties: freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure, and vapor pressure lowering.
Solution Parameters
Solvent Constants
Freezing Point Depression
1.8600 °C
New FP: -1.8600 °C
Boiling Point Elevation
0.5120 °C
New BP: 100.5120 °C
Colligative Property Formulas:
Delta Tf = i * Kf * m
Delta Tb = i * Kb * m
Pi = i * M * R * T
Delta P/P0 = X_solute
Colligative Properties depend only on the number of solute particles, not on their identity. The van't Hoff factor (i) accounts for dissociation of electrolytes.
Understanding Colligative Properties
Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the ratio of solute particles to solvent molecules, regardless of the solute's chemical identity. The four main colligative properties are: vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. These properties are essential in many applications including antifreeze, food preservation, and biological systems.
Van't Hoff Factor (i)
| Solute Type | Example | i (ideal) |
|---|---|---|
| Non-electrolyte | Glucose, Sucrose | 1 |
| Strong electrolyte (1:1) | NaCl, KBr | 2 |
| Strong electrolyte (1:2) | CaCl2, MgBr2 | 3 |
| Strong electrolyte (2:3) | Al2(SO4)3 | 5 |