Partition Function Calculator

Calculate partition functions and derived thermodynamic quantities for various physical systems.

System Type

Temperature (K)

Energy Gap (eV)

Ground State Degeneracy

Excited State Degeneracy

Partition Function Z: 1.3802e+0

Ground State Probability: 72.45%

Excited State Probability: 27.55%

Average Energy: 0.006887 eV

Heat Capacity: 1.7820e-23 J/K

General: Z = Σ g_i exp(-βE_i)

Two-level: Z = g₀ + g₁ exp(-βΔE)

Harmonic oscillator: Z = 1/(1 - exp(-βℏω))

Rigid rotor: Z ≈ T/θ_R (classical limit)

Translational: Z = V/λ³ (λ = h/√(2πmkT))