Skin Depth Calculator

Calculate electromagnetic skin depth in conductors

About Skin Depth

Skin depth is the distance at which electromagnetic wave amplitude decreases to 1/e (37%) of its surface value. At high frequencies, current flows mainly in a thin surface layer.

Key Formulas:

  • δ = √(2/(ωμσ))
  • Rs = 1/(σδ) = √(ωμ/(2σ))
  • J(x) = J₀ × e^(-x/δ)
  • δ ∝ 1/√f (skin depth decreases with frequency)

Practical Effects:

  • Higher AC resistance than DC
  • Litz wire for RF applications
  • EM shielding effectiveness
  • Induction heating depth