Bond Polarity Calculator

Calculate bond polarity, ionic character, and partial charges from electronegativity differences.

Bond Parameters

Electronegativity of Atom 1 (Pauling scale)

Electronegativity of Atom 2 (Pauling scale)

Bond Length (Angstroms)

Common Bond Examples

C-H: 0.4 (nonpolar)

O-H: 1.2 (polar)

C-O: 0.9 (polar)

Na-Cl: 2.2 (ionic)

Bond Polarity

Polar

ΔEN = 0.890

Ionic Character

18.0%

Covalent Character

82.0%

Partial Charge (δ)

±0.223 e

Dipole Moment

1.53 D

Charge Distribution

δ− on Atom 2 (more electronegative)

δ+ on Atom 1 (less electronegative)

Pauling's Ionic Character Formula

% Ionic = 100 × (1 - e^(-0.25ΔEN²))

About Bond Polarity

Bond polarity arises from the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms with different electronegativities. The more electronegative atom pulls electron density toward itself, creating partial charges (δ+ and δ−). This charge separation creates a bond dipole moment. The percent ionic character can be calculated using Pauling's empirical formula based on the electronegativity difference.