Partition Function Calculator
Calculate partition functions and derived thermodynamic quantities for various physical systems.
Results
Partition Function Z: 1.3802e+0
Ground State Probability: 72.45%
Excited State Probability: 27.55%
Average Energy: 0.006887 eV
Heat Capacity: 1.7820e-23 J/K
Partition Function Formulas
General: Z = Σ g_i exp(-βE_i)
Two-level: Z = g₀ + g₁ exp(-βΔE)
Harmonic oscillator: Z = 1/(1 - exp(-βℏω))
Rigid rotor: Z ≈ T/θ_R (classical limit)
Translational: Z = V/λ³ (λ = h/√(2πmkT))