Bremsstrahlung Calculator
Calculate bremsstrahlung (braking radiation) produced by electrons in matter
Common targets: Cu (29), Mo (42), W (74), Pb (82)
Target Material (Optional)
About Bremsstrahlung
Bremsstrahlung ("braking radiation") is electromagnetic radiation produced when a charged particle is decelerated by the electric field of atomic nuclei. It is the primary mechanism for X-ray production in medical and industrial applications.
Key Relationships:
- Energy loss: dE/dx ∝ Z² × E
- Efficiency: η ≈ Z × E / 800 MeV
- Spectrum: continuous up to electron energy
- Angular distribution: forward-peaked at high energies
Applications:
- Medical X-ray tubes and linear accelerators
- Synchrotron radiation sources
- Industrial radiography
- Astrophysical X-ray emission