Seebeck Effect Calculator

Calculate thermoelectric voltage and power generation

Select Material:

Seebeck Coefficient (μV/K):

Hot Side Temperature (°C):

Cold Side Temperature (°C):

Power Generation (optional)

Load Resistance (Ω):

Internal Resistance (Ω):

About the Seebeck Effect

The Seebeck effect generates voltage from a temperature difference in a conductor. It's the basis for thermocouples and thermoelectric generators.

Key Formulas:

V = S × ΔT (Seebeck voltage)
Q = S × T × I (Peltier heat)
ZT = S²σT/κ (figure of merit)
η = ηCarnot × (√(1+ZT)-1)/(√(1+ZT)+Tc/Th)

Applications:

Thermocouples for temperature measurement
Waste heat recovery
Spacecraft power (RTGs)
Peltier coolers (reverse operation)